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Month: July 2023

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Hypertension Share

“When is hypertension an emergency?”

“When is hypertension an emergency?”

“When is hypertension an emergency?”

While most cases of hypertension (or high blood pressure) can be managed with proper care and treatment, there are occasions when hypertension escalates into a dire medical situation. Hypertensive emergencies (as they are medically called) demand immediate attention and intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

A hypertensive emergency arises when blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels, often accompanied by acute organ damage. It can become a life hazard.

The signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency are often dramatic and sudden. Severe headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, vision changes, and neurological deficits can be indicators. Knowing how to differentiate between “hypertensive urgency,” “hypertensive emergency,” and “hypertensive crisis” is also valuable.

Let’s explore more about these extreme blood pressure conditions – because the ability to recognize the signs and symptoms early will also increase the chances of summoning immediate medical assistance and saving valuable lives.

 

Hypertension urgency vs. emergency – the first stage of difference

According to Mayo Clinic, hypertension-related exigencies can, in the first instance, be of two types, depending on intensity. Read the information below to try and decipher if you have a hypertension urgency or emergency at hand. But if in doubt, always treat it as an emergency.

 

Hypertension urgency

Hypertension urgency is when blood pressure is severely elevated but does not cause immediate organ damage. The blood pressure levels in hypertension urgency are typically very high but not dangerously high compared to a hypertensive emergency.

Symptoms may include severe headache, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, severe anxiety, or chest pain. While urgent medical attention is still necessary, the response time can be within hours to a day, as it is not an immediate danger-to-life situation.

 

Hypertension emergency

A hypertension emergency occurs when severely elevated blood pressure leads to acute organ damage or poses an immediate threat to health. Blood pressure levels in a hypertensive emergency are extremely high, often at 180/120 mm Hg.

Symptoms may include severe headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, visual changes, neurological deficits, signs of heart attack or stroke, or acute kidney injury. Immediate medical attention is required in a hypertensive emergency to prevent further organ damage and potentially life-threatening complications.

 

How does a hypertension emergency usually escalate?

It’s vital to know that if you delay acting on a hypertension emergency, you will start to see a fast progression to greater distress. Here is what to expect:

 

Stage #1: Hypertensive emergency

As mentioned earlier, this is the first stage when the situation turns dangerous for life, and action must be taken quickly. It is characterized by severe high blood pressure (typically systolic pressure at 180 mm Hg or diastolic pressure at 120 mm Hg). This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent further complications and organ failure.

 

Stage #2: Hypertensive crisis

According to Cleveland Clinic, this stage occurs when blood pressure reaches exceptionally high levels. A hypertensive crisis is typically defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm Hg. In such cases, the problems acquire the dimensions of a crisis.

 

Stage #3: Signs of organ damage

Extremely high blood pressure may be accompanied by symptoms or signs of acute organ damage, such as severe headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, visual changes, neurological deficits, or signs of heart attack or stroke.

 

Stage #4: Acute heart failure

Blood pressure levels considered to be in crisis mode may manifest alongside heart failure symptoms such as severe shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, coughing up frothy pink sputum, and extreme fatigue.

 

“Signs and symptoms of hypertensive emergency.”

 

A quick checklist of signs and symptoms of hypertensive emergency to look for

According to Zawn Villines, writing in Medical News Today, in a hypertensive emergency, the signs and symptoms can vary depending on the organs affected by the high blood pressure. If you have a hypertensive patient at home and would like to be prepared in case of an emergency, keep this checklist below handy:

 

  • Severe headache: A sudden, severe headache often described as the worst headache ever experienced can be a sign of a hypertensive emergency.
  • Severe chest pain: Intense chest pain or tightness may occur, potentially indicating heart-related complications like a heart attack or acute coronary syndrome.
  • Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, or getting breathless could suggest potential heart or lung involvement.
  • Severe anxiety or restlessness: Feeling extremely anxious, agitated, or restless without a clear cause can signify a hypertensive emergency.
  • Vision problems: Vision changes, such as blurred vision, double vision, or loss of vision, can occur due to the impact of high blood pressure on the eyes.
  • Neurological symptoms: Neurological symptoms may include confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness in the arms, legs, or face, slurred speech, or difficulty speaking.
  • Nausea and vomiting: Persistent nausea and vomiting may occur, possibly indicating the involvement of the digestive system or other organs.
  • Signs of organ damage: Signs of organ damage can include blood in the urine, decreased urine output, swelling in the legs or other body parts, signs of heart failure (e.g., fluid retention, swollen ankles), or signs of kidney injury.

 

What actions should you take in a hypertensive emergency?

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), if someone you know is experiencing a hypertensive emergency, it is crucial to take immediate action. Here are some steps to follow:

 

1. Call emergency services or an ambulance

Dial the emergency services number in your country to seek immediate medical assistance through first medical responders or an ambulance. Inform the operator that you are dealing with a hypertensive emergency and describe the symptoms being experienced.

 

2. Stay calm and provide comfort

While waiting for medical professionals to arrive, help the person stay calm and comfortable. Encourage them to sit or lie down in a supported position to reduce strain on the heart.

 

3. Monitor vital signs

If you have any home gadgets, check the person’s vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Keep track of any changes in their condition and relay this information to the emergency responders upon arrival.

 

4. Do not delay medical treatment

Hypertensive emergencies often require prompt medical intervention. Do not attempt to manage the situation solely on your own. It is crucial to receive professional care as soon as possible.

 

“Do not delay medical treatment.”

 

Should you try to treat hypertensive emergencies at home?

No, a hypertensive emergency should not be treated at home. According to Darla Burke, writing in Healthline, a hypertensive emergency is a critical medical situation that requires immediate medical intervention and monitoring in a hospital setting. It is not advisable to attempt to manage a hypertensive emergency on your own or at home.

 

Hypertensive emergencies in patients with known comorbidities

In an emergency, remember to mention to the medical help that arrives if the patient has one or more chronic health illnesses concurrently, such as obesity, cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension (along with other hereditary factors). These can all have a multiplicative effect on the heart.

Be ready also to inform the doctors, first responders, or ambulance teams about the medications and other protocols being followed, i.e., regimens for management of cholesterol levels, control of blood sugar levels, treatment of obesity symptoms, and diabetes treatment practices.

 

In summary

If you have a hypertension patient at home, it’s always better to educate yourself about the likelihood of emergencies and what symptoms to beware of. Also, go to the doctor for regular screenings and use home blood pressure monitors between doctor visits. Remember that a hypertension emergency can affect several vital organs, including the heart. A good dictum for all homes with high blood pressure patients is this. Stay aware. Stay alert. Stay heart-healthy. Be a Zinda Dil.

 

 

References

  1. Mayo Clinic. “Hypertensive crisis: What are the symptoms?” Accessed: May 17, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertensive-crisis/faq-20058491
  2. Cleveland Clinic. “Hypertensive Crisis.” Accessed: May 17, 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24470-hypertensive-crisis
  3. Villines, Zawn. Medical News Today. “Hypertensive emergency: What to know.” Accessed: May 17, 2023. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/malignant-hypertension
  4. American Heart Association (AHA). “Hypertensive Crisis: When You Should Call 911 for High Blood Pressure.” Accessed: May 17, 2023. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings/hypertensive-crisis-when-you-should-call-911-for-high-blood-pressure
  5. Burke, Darla. Healthline. “What Is Malignant Hypertension (Hypertensive Emergency)?” Accessed: May 17, 2023. https://www.healthline.com/health/malignant-hypertension

 

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Aware Hypertension

“Can hypertension be lowered with diet and exercise?”

“Can hypertension be lowered with diet and exercise?”

“Can hypertension be lowered with diet and exercise?”

If you have been diagnosed with hypertension, you may like to know how diet and exercise can help lower your blood pressure. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, commonly affects millions worldwide.

While medication is often prescribed to manage hypertension, doctors may tell you that lifestyle changes, diet, and exercise can also significantly reduce your blood pressure and improve overall health. But to what degree can diet and exercise help? Here’s some news.

According to the American Heart Association, they conducted a study of 140 adults with what doctors call “resistant hypertension” – a condition in which blood pressure remains high despite using three or more antihypertensive medications.

Their study showed that an intensive lifestyle modification program of diet and exercise is very effective in lowering blood pressure for adults whose blood pressure has been difficult to control with medications alone.

Given such validation, let’s explore the relationship between diet, exercise, and hypertension, and discuss practical ways to modify your lifestyle to manage this condition.

 

Some caveats that all patients need to know and follow

According to Cleveland Clinic, it’s important to recognize that hypertension requires a comprehensive approach to be successfully managed. While medication can effectively treat hypertension, it’s not the only solution.

Working with your doctor to develop a holistic plan that includes medication, diet, exercise, lifestyle changes, and regular screenings is important to manage hypertension successfully.

Also, according to Baylor Scott & White Health, always talk to your doctor before starting any diet or exercise program, particularly if you have hypertension – and preferably get a doctor-recommended dietician and fitness specialist to help devise your food and activity plan.

 

General rules on exercise to reduce hypertension

 

“General rules on exercise to reduce hypertension.”

 

According to Mayo Clinic, regular physical activity can help reduce hypertension in several ways, apart from keeping the mind and body alert, energetic, and positive:

 

  • Improving heart health: Exercise helps strengthen your heart and cardiovascular system, making it easier for your heart to pump blood through your body. This can help lower blood pressure.
  • Reducing stress: Exercise is a great way to relieve stress, which can contribute to high blood pressure. When you exercise, your body sheds stresses and feelings of well-being are promoted.
  • Aiding weight loss: Regular exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight or lose excess weight, which can help lower blood pressure. Excess weight puts extra strain on your heart and blood vessels, which can contribute to hypertension.
  • Improving circulation: Exercise helps improve circulation throughout your body, which can help reduce hypertension. Improved circulation helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to your organs and tissues, promoting overall health.
  • Lowering inflammation: Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for hypertension, and regular exercise can help lower inflammation levels.

 

Specific exercise routines to lower hypertension

Many types of exercise can help reduce hypertension, but here are a few examples:

 

  • Aerobic exercise: Brisk walking, running, cycling, or swimming, are all great ways to improve cardiovascular health and lower blood pressure. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week.
  • Strength training: Strength training, such as lifting weights or doing bodyweight exercises like push-ups or squats, can help improve overall fitness and reduce hypertension. Aim for at least 2 days per week of strength training exercises that target all major muscle groups.
  • Yoga: Certain types of yoga, such as hatha or restorative yoga, may be particularly beneficial for people with hypertension. However, any form of yoga is a great way to reduce stress and promote relaxation, which can help lower blood pressure.
  • Tai Chi: This gentle exercise involves slow, flowing movements and deep breathing. It has been shown to help reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health.

 

General rules on diet to reduce hypertension

“General rules on diet to reduce hypertension.”

 

According to the NHS UK, a healthy diet can help lower blood pressure and promote overall heart health. Here are some general rules for your diet that can help reduce hypertension:

 

  • Reducing sodium intake: Consuming too much salt can increase blood pressure, so reducing sodium intake is important. The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to no more than 2,300 milligrams (mg) per day, with an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 mg per day for most adults.
  • Increasing potassium intake: Potassium is a mineral that helps counteract the adverse effects of sodium on blood pressure. Potassium-rich foods include bananas, sweet potatoes, spinach, avocados, and tomatoes.
  • Eating a balanced diet: A diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help reduce hypertension. Eating a diet rich in these foods can also help lower cholesterol levels and improve overall heart health.
  • Limiting alcohol and caffeine: Consuming alcohol and caffeine in excess can increase blood pressure, so limiting your intake of these stimulants is important.

 

Specific food groups to help lower hypertension

Many foods can help reduce hypertension when included in a healthy and balanced diet. Here are some examples:

 

  • Opt for fruits and vegetables: Since fruits and vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber, and they’re low in calories, they are a great addition to any diet. They’re also rich in potassium, which helps counteract the negative effects of sodium on blood pressure. Eating fruits and vegetables in different color groups can add a lot of nutritional variety to your diet.
  • Go for whole grains: Brown rice, whole-wheat bread, and quinoa are fiber-rich and can help lower blood pressure. There are various options in millets too, that can be used in dishes usually made with rice and wheat.
  • Look for lean protein: Fish, chicken, and beans can help reduce blood pressure. Fish, in particular, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce inflammation and lower blood pressure.
  • Choose low-fat dairy products: Low-fat (or no-fat) milk, yogurt, and cheese are great sources of calcium, which can help lower blood pressure.
  • Include a variety of nuts, seeds, legumes, and lentils: Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds, are rich in healthy fats and can help lower blood pressure. Legumes and lentils (dhals) are among the best vegetable-protein sources, so add them to your food in good variety daily. Each type of lentil or dhal has its own combination of protein, minerals, and vitamins.
  • Snack on dark chocolate: Dark chocolate contains flavonoids, which can help lower blood pressure. However, it’s important to choose dark chocolate with a high percentage of cocoa and to eat it in moderation, as it’s also high in calories.

 

Hypertension along with other chronic ailments can affect your heart

When you have one or more chronic health illnesses such as obesity, cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension (along with other hereditary factors), they can all have a multiplicative effect on the heart.

In all such ailments, your doctor will always prescribe medications and emphasize the need for diet and exercise as part of your total health management program to protect your heart. It’s therefore vital to follow your doctor’s advice on keeping cholesterol levels under control, managing body weight and obesity, reducing high blood pressure, and lowering blood sugar levels.

 

In summary

You must stay motivated to work on your diet and exercise plan. Set realistic and specific goals and reward yourself when you achieve each milestone. Keep a food and exercise journal. Mix it up and try new exercises or recipes to keep things exciting and challenging. Visualize your success. Self-care demands that you enjoy the process of getting yourself to good health and that your heart is happy with your daily progress. Stay heart-healthy. Be a Zinda Dil.

 

 

References

  1. American Heart Association (AHA). “Healthy changes in diet, activity improved treatment-resistant high blood pressure.” Accessed: May 10, 2023. https://newsroom.heart.org/news/healthy-changes-in-diet-activity-improved-treatment-resistant-high-blood-pressure
  2. Cleveland Clinic. “High Blood Pressure (Hypertension).” Accessed: May 10, 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4314-hypertension-high-blood-pressure
  3. Baylor Scott & White Health. “Do I really need to consult my doctor before starting a new diet or exercise program?” Accessed: May 10, 2023. https://www.bswhealth.com/blog/consult-your-doctor-before-starting-new-diet-or-fitness-program
  4. National Health Services (NHS), UK.. “Prevention – High blood pressure (Hypertension).” Accessed: May 10, 2023. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/prevention/
  5. Mayo Clinic. “Exercise: A drug-free approach to lowering high blood pressure.” Accessed: May 10, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045206

 

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